¹ General Accounting Office (GAO), Lawn Care Pesticides: Risks Remain Uncertain While Prohibited Safety Claims Continue, RCED-90-134. 1990, p. 8.

² National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Urban Pest Management, 1980.

³ Abrams, Robert, Attorney General of NY, Toxic Fairways: Risking Groundwater Contamination From Pesticides on Long Island Golf Courses, Environmental Protection Bureau. 1991, p.8.

⁴ Pimentel, D., et al., “Environmental and economic impacts of reducing U.S. agricultural pesticide use,” Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture, 2^nd ed., CRC Press, FL. 1991, p. 679.

⁵ From records kept by a NY state activist.

⁶ Ibid.

⁷ $1.5 billion: GAO, 1990, p.8; other figures: Lawn Care Industry 14(7):1. 1990.

⁸ Ibid.

⁹ Lowengart, R., et al., “Childhood leukemia and parents’ occupational and home exposures,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 79:39, 1987.

¹⁰ Hayes, H. et al., “Case-control study of canine malignant lymphoma: positive association with dog owner’s use of 2,4-D acid herbicides,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 83(17):1226, 1991.

¹¹ Beyond Pesticides, Health Effects of 36 Commonly Used Lawn Pesticides, updated 2002.

¹² James, A., Executive Director of Responsible Industry for ^{a Sound Environment, a standing committee of the pesticide industry’s association, NCAC, “Lawn Chemicals Are Safe,” USA Today April 22, 1992.}

¹³ U.S. General Accounting Office. Nonagricultural Pesticides: Risks and Regulation. GAO/RCED-86-97. Washington, DC. 1997.

¹⁴ U.S. General Accounting Office. “Nonagricultural Pesticides: Risks and Regulations,” 1986.

¹⁵ Comments by Susan S. Pitman, The Chemical Connection, A Public Health Network of Texans Sensitive to Chemicals, PO Box 26152, Austin, TX 78755. Comments on “Interim Statement and Guidance on Application of Pesticides to Waters of the United States in Compliance with FIFRA,” 9/14/03.

¹⁶ Ibid.

¹⁷ Lewis, R., et al., “Determination of routes of exposure of infants and toddlers to household pesticides: a pilot study,” Methods Research Branch, U.S. EPA, NC, 1991.

¹⁸  Rudel, R. et al.. “Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust.” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, No. 20. Published on Web 09/13/2003.

^18A Nishioka, M., et al., “Distribution of 2,4-D in Air and on Surfaces inside Residences after Lawn Applications: Comparing Exposure Estimates from Various Media for Young Children,” Environmental Health Perspectives 109(11) (2001).

¹⁹ Children’s habit patterns make them likely to spend more time than adults on treated turf and to have greater direct contact with turf – both because of play behaviors, hand-to-mouth behaviors and clothing differences. In ^{addition, children’s breathing rates are higher}. ²⁰ US EPA, Office of the Administrator, Environmental Health Threats to Children, EPA 175-F-96-001, September 1996.

²¹ Ries, L., edited by Harras, A., Cancer Rates and Risks, National Institutes of Heath Publication No. 96-691, May 1996.

²² Lowengart, R. et al., “Childhood Leukemia and Parent’s Occupational and Home Exposures, “ Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79:39, 1987.

²³ Beyond Pesticides, Environmental Effects of 36 Commonly Used Lawn Pesticides.

²⁴ EPA. “Unregulated Drinking Water Contaminants,” Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, http://www.epa.gov/safewater /dw_unregcontaminants.html

^25A,B,C EPA. “List of Pesticide Product Inert Ingredients,” Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, July 22, 1991. Also, EPA website.

²⁶ Spitzer, E., Attorney General of NY, The Secret Ingredients in Pesticides: Reducing the Risk. 2000. Abrams, R., Attorney General of NY, found 90% instead of 95%. The Secret Hazards of Pesticides: Inert Ingredients, June 1991.

²⁷ EPA. “List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients,” Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, 1998.

²⁸ EPA. Inert Ingredients In Pesticide Products. OPP-36140. http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts/ fr52.htm

²⁹ Spitzer, E., Attorney General of NY, The Secret Ingredients in Pesticides: Reducing the Risk. 2000.

³⁰ Ibid.